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Створити нову тему Відповісти  [ 51 повідомлень ]  На сторінку Поперед.  1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6  Далі
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 Тема повідомлення: Re: B
ПовідомленняДодано: 02 травня 2014, 12:22 
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З нами з: 29 листопада 2013, 17:11
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BMS Burner management system ; terminology originating in power generation industry. BNC Bayonet-Neill-Concelman; bayonetlocking connector used on Ethernet 10Base2 thinnet coaxial cabling.
board 1. A flat sheet in which integrated circuits are mounted. See panel. 2. A freestanding structure consisting of one or more sections, cubicles, or consoles that has groups of discrete instruments mounted on it, houses the operator-process interface, and is chosen to have a unique designation; see panel. [ISA-5.1-2009]
board tester A system that tests printed circuit boards, with or without components.
BOB Break-out box; testing device that permits the user to cross and tie leads using jumper wires.
BOD Biochemical oxygen demand of pollutants, calculated for EPA (United States) regulations. Also, business object document.
Bodé diagram In process instrumentation, a plot of the log gain (magnitude ratio) and phase angle values on a log frequency base for a transfer function. [ANSI/ISA-51.1-1979(1993)]
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Bodé plot 1. A graph of transfer function versus frequency. The gain (often in decibels) and phase (in degrees) are plotted against the frequency on log scale. Also called a “Bodé diagram.” 2. In vibration analysis, a plot of amplitude versus frequency and phase versus frequency with all data points at running speed. The data are admitted through a tracking filter as the machine changes speed.


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 Тема повідомлення: Re: B
ПовідомленняДодано: 02 травня 2014, 12:23 
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З нами з: 29 листопада 2013, 17:11
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body The main pressure boundary of the valve, which also provides the pipe connecting ends and the fluid flow passageway as well as supporting the valve trim. [ANSI/ISA-75.05.01-2000]
body, encapsulated A body with all surfaces covered by a continuous surface layer of a different material, usually an elastomeric or polymeric material.
body, split A valve body design in which trim is secured between two segments of a valve body.
body, wafer A thin annular section body whose end surfaces are located and clamped between the piping flanges by bolts extending from flange to flange.
body, wafer, lugged A thin annular section body whose end surfaces mount between the pipeline flanges or may be attached to the end of a pipeline without any additional flange or retaining parts, using either through-bolting and/or tapped holes.
body, weir type A body that has a raised contour that is contacted by a diaphragm to shut off fluid flow.
body cavity The internal chamber of the valve body. [ANSI/ISA-75.05.01-2000]
boiler 1. A closed vessel in which water is heated, steam is generated, steam is superheated, or any combination of these, by the application of heat from combustible fuels in a self-contained or attached furnace. [ISA-77.41-1992] A typical boiler control scheme is shown in the illustration accompanying this definition. 2. The entire vessel in which steam or other vapor is generated for use external to itself, including the furnace. This includes the waterwall tubes; the firebox area, including burners and dampers; the convection area, consisting of any superheater, reheater, and/or economizer sections as well as drums, generating tubes, and headers. [ANSI/ISA-77.13.01-1999; ANSI/ISA-77.42.01-1999; ANSI/ISA-77.44-1995]
boiler drum level A water-tube boiler (not once-through) process variable that is measured and controlled by adding feedwater. Control may be single-element, two-element, or three-element; the control strategy will depend on the user’s requirements and the boiler design. Measured variables may include drum level, steam flow, feedwater flow, blowdown flow, drum pressure, and feedwater pressure.
boiler horsepower The evaporation of 34½ lbs of water per hour from a temperature of 212°F into dry saturated steam at the same temperature. Equivalent to 33,475 Btu.
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 Тема повідомлення: Re: B
ПовідомленняДодано: 02 травня 2014, 12:23 
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boiler water A representative sample of the circulating boiler water after the generated steam has been separated and before the incoming feed water or added chemical becomes mixed with it, thus affecting its composition.
boiling The conversion of a liquid into vapor with the accompanying formation of bubbles.
boiling out The boiling of a highly alkaline water in boiler pressure parts for the removal of oils, greases, and the like.
boiling water reactor (BWR) A nuclear steam supply system in which process steam is generated in the reactor vessel. [ISA-67.03-1982]
boldface In the typographical composition of screen displays and printing, the heavier typeface version of a type family.
bolometer A sensitive infrared detector that operates based on a change in temperature induced by absorbing infrared radiation. It is made of two thin, blackened gratings of platinum, one illuminated and the other kept in the dark. The absorption of heat changes the electrical resistance, which is detected by comparing the resistances of the two gratings in an electrical circuit.


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 Тема повідомлення: Re: B
ПовідомленняДодано: 02 травня 2014, 12:23 
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bolt A threaded fastener that consists of a rod, usually made of metal, that has threads at one end and an integral round, square, or hexagonal head at the other end. Short bolts usually have threads running the entire length below the head, and longer bolts often have an unthreaded shank between the head and threaded end.
bolted joint An assembly of two or more parts held together by a bolt and nut, with or without washers, or by a bolt that threads into a tapped hole in one of the parts.
bomb calorimeter An apparatus for measuring the quantity of heat released by a chemical reaction. It consists of a strong-walled metal container (bomb) immersed in about 2.5 liters of water in an insulated container. A sample is sealed in the bomb, the bomb immersed, and the sample ignited (or a reaction started) by remote control. The heat released is measured by observing the rise in temperature of the water bath.
bond 1. A wire rope that attaches a load to a crane hook. 2. Adhesion between cement or mortar and masonry. 3. In an adhesivebonded or diffusion-bonded joint, the junction between faying surfaces. 4. In welding, brazing, or soldering, the junction between assembled parts. Where filler metal is used, it is the junction between fused metal and heat-affected base metal. 5. In grinding wheels and other rigid abrasives, bond is the material that holds abrasive grains together. 6. Material added to molding sand to hold the grains together. 7. The junction between base metal and cladding in a clad metal product.
bondable Designed to be permanently mounted to a surface by means of adhesives. [ISA-37.1-1975 (R1982)]
bonded Permanently attached over the length and width of the active element. [ISA-37.1-1975 (R1982)]
bonded liner 1. A liner vulcanized or cemented to the body bore. [ANSI/ISA-75.05.01-2000] 2. In a butterfly valve body, a liner vulcanized or cemented to the body bore.
bonded strain gauge A device for measuring strain. It consists of a fine-wire resistance element, usually in zigzag form, which is embedded in nonconductive backing material such as impregnated paper or plastic, which is in turn cemented to the test surface or sensing element.


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 Тема повідомлення: Re: B
ПовідомленняДодано: 02 травня 2014, 12:24 
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bonded transducer A pressure sensor that uses a bonded strain guage to generate the output signal.
bonding 1. An electrically conductive connection between metallic parts of the equipment that needs to be grounded and some other part of the equipment to which a grounding conductor is connected. 2. The permanent joining of metallic parts to form an electrically conductive path that will ensure electrical continuity and the capacity to conduct safely any current likely to be imposed. [ISA-12.01.01-1999]
bone dry A papermaking term used to describe pulp fibers or paper from which all water has been removed. Also known as “oven dry” and “moisture free.”
bonnet The portion of the valve that contains the packing box and stem seal and may guide the stem. It provides the principal opening to the body cavity for assembling internal parts or it may be an integral part of the valve body. It may also make it possible to attach the actuator to the valve body. Typical bonnets are bolted, threaded, welded, pressure sealed, or integral with the body. [ANSI/ISA-75.05.01-2000]
bonnet, seal-welded A bonnet welded to a body so as to provide a zero leakage joint. [ANSI/ISA-75.05.01-2000]
bonnet bolting A means of fastening the bonnet to the body. It may consist of studs with nuts for a flanged bonnet joint, studs threaded into the bonnet neck of the body, or bolts through the bonnet flange. [ANSI/ISA-75.05.01-2000]
bonnet gasket A deformable seal between the mating surfaces of the body and bonnet. It may be deformed by bonnet bolting loading or energized by fluid pressure within the valve. [ANSI/ISA-75.05.01-2000]
bonnetless A gate valve that has packing between the gate and body, such that the gate extends outside the pressure boundary in the open position. [ANSI/ISA-75.05.01-2000]
bonnetted Agate valve that has a bonnet that encloses the gate within the pressure boundary when in the open position. The packing is provided at the stem. [ANSI/ISA-75.05.01-2000]
bonnet types Typical bonnets are bolted, threaded, or welded to or integral with the body. [ANSI/ISA-75.05.01-2000] Other types are extension bonnets and seal welded bonnets.
Boolean Pertaining to logic quantities.
Boolean add See OR.
Boolean algebra A process of reasoning or a deductive system of theorems that uses a symbolic logic and deals with classes, propositions, or on-off circuit elements. To permit mathematical calculation, it employs symbols to represent operators such as AND, OR, NOT, EXCEPT, IF, THEN, and so on. Named after George Boole, a famous English mathematician.


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 Тема повідомлення: Re: B
ПовідомленняДодано: 02 травня 2014, 12:24 
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З нами з: 29 листопада 2013, 17:11
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Boolean expression A quantity expressed as the result of Boolean operations such as and and or, and not upon Boolean variables.
Boolean functions A system of mathematical logic that is often executed in circuits in order to provide digital computations such as OR, AND, NOR, NOT, and so on.
Boolean operator A logic operator whose operands and result are one of two values.
Boolean variable See logical variable.
booster A repeater station that amplifies and retransmits a received signal.
booster fan A device for increasing the pressure or flow of a gas.
booster relay A volume- or pressure-amplifying pneumatic relay that is used to reduce the time lag in pneumatic circuits by reproducing pneumatic signals that have highvolume and/or high-pressure output. [ANSI/ISA-75.05.01-2000]
boot 1. A computer routine in which a few instructions are loaded that then cause the rest of the system to be loaded. 2. To start or restart a computer system by causing instructions to be read from a storage device (disk, etc.) into computer’s memory. To boot a computer involves loading part of the operating system into the computer’s main memory. If the computer is already operating, it is called a “warm boot”; otherwise, it is called a “cold boot.”
bootstrap A technique for loading the first few instructions of a routine into storage, then using these instructions to bring in the rest of the routine. This usually involves either entering a few instructions manually or using a special key on the console.
bootstrap loader A routine whose first instruction is sufficient to load the remainder of the routine into memory from an input device. It is normally used to start a complete system of programs.
bore 1. The inner cavity in a pipe or tube. 2. The diameter of the cylinder of a piston-cylinder device such as a reciprocating compressor, engine or pump, or a hydraulic or pneumatic power cylinder. 3. To penetrate or pierce a workpiece with a rotating cutting tool. 4. To increase the size of an existing hole, generally with a single-point cutting tool, while either the work or the cutting tool rotates about the central axis of the hole. 5. The inner surface of a gun tube. 6. The central hole in a laser or other type of tube (a capillary, waveguide, or a hole in a micro-channel plate).


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bore Reynolds number A calculated Reynolds number, including Rd using Vbore, Pbore, ubore, dbore; also Rd = RD/B.
borescope A straight-tube telescope, incorporating mirrors or prisms, that is used to visually inspect the inner surfaces of pipes or gun tubes.
boresighting To align a gun, directional antenna, or other device by optical means or by observing a return signal from a fixed target at a known location. The term is derived from an early military practice of looking down the bore of an artillery piece to obtain an initial line of sight to a target.
boron counter tube A type of radiation counter tube that is used to detect slow neutrons. The tube has electrodes that are coated with a boron compound, and it also may be filled with BF3. A slow neutron is easily absorbed by a B10 nucleus, which results in the emission of an alpha particle.
borosilicate glass A type of heat-resisting glass that contains at least 5 percent boric acid. Also, business object document.
BOSFET Bipolar metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor; an optically isolated FET.
boss 1. A localized projection on a valve or actuator surface that can serve various purposes, such as for drain connections, auxiliary connections, a yoke connection, or for other attachments. [ANSI/ISA-75.05.01-2000] 2. A raised portion of metal of small area and limited thickness on flat or curved metal surfaces. 3. A short projecting section of a casting, forging, or molded-plastic part, often cylindrical in shape, and used to strengthen, align, or fasten assembled parts.
bottom contraction The vertical distance from the crest to the floor of the weir box or channel bed.
bottom dead center The position of a piston and its connecting rod when the piston is at the extreme downstroke position.
bottom flange A part that closes a valve body opening opposite the bonnet opening. It may include a guide bushing and/or serve to allow the reversal of the valve action. In three-way valves, it may provide the lower flow connection and its seat. [ANSI/ISA-
75.05.01-2000]


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 Тема повідомлення: Re: B
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bound water In a moist solid that is to be dried, that portion of the water content that is chemically combined with the solid matter.
boundary lubrication A condition occurring during the sliding contact between two surfaces when contact pressures are high enough and sliding velocities low enough that hydrodynamic lubrication is completely absent. Mating surfaces slide across each other on a multimolecular layer of lubricant, often with some solid-to-solid surface contact. For liquid lubricants, a bearing-characteristic (Sommerfield) number of 0.01 is considered to be the upper limit of boundary lubrication.
Bourdon tube 1. A pressure-sensing element consisting of a twisted or curved tube of noncircular cross section that tends to be straightened when internal pressure is applied. [ISA-37.1-1975 (R1982)]. 2. A flattened tube that is twisted or curved and closed at one end and is used as the pressure-sensing element in a mechanical pressure gauge or recorder. A process stream pressure is routed to the open end of the tube, and the tube flexes or untwists in relation to the internal pressure. The change in shape of the tube is used to operate a mechanical pointer or pen positioner. Also known as “Bourdon element” and “Bourdon pressure gauge.”
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boustrophedon Literally, writing lines “as the ox plows.” Lines that are written (or printed) alternately back and forth, that is, right to left on one, left to right on the next, and so on.
box A flowchart symbol.
boxcar averager A piece of signal-processing instrument that averages equally weighted selected portions of repetitive signals to improve signal quality. Sometimes called a “gated integrator” because it passes or gates portions of the signal, then integrates them.


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 Тема повідомлення: Re: B
ПовідомленняДодано: 02 травня 2014, 12:26 
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box header boiler A horizontal boiler of the longitudinal or cross-drum type and consisting of a front- and rear-inclined rectangular header that is connected by tubes.
box wrench A closed-end wrench that is designed to fit a single size and shape nut. Different wrench ends are needed for different nut sizes and shapes. Also known as a “box end wrench.” B power supply An electrical power supply that is connected in the plate circuit of a vacuum tube electronic device.
Bps, B/s Bytes per second; unit of data transmission rate.
BPT Best practicable control technology currently available in complying with EPA (United States) pollution prevention requirements.
Bragg’s law A principle that describes the apparent reflection of X-rays (and DeBroglie waves associated with certain particulate beams) from atomic planes in crystals. The maximum reflected intensity occurs along the family of directions that is defined by: 0 = arcsin ënl/2d where 0 is the Bragg angle (angle of reflection and of incidence), n is an integer, ë is the wavelength of monochromatic radiation reflected from the crystal, and d is the interplanar spacing of the reflecting parallel planes in the crystal.
brake A machine element for applying frictional force to slow or stop relative motion.
brake drum See drum.
brake horsepower The mechanical power an engine develops. It is measured by absorbing the engine’s output with a friction brake or dynamometer that is applied to the engine's shaft or flywheel.
brake lining A material with a high coefficient of friction that is used as the principal friction element in a mechanical brake. It usually is made of fabric or molded asbestos and usually can be readily replaced so as to extend the brake's service life and restore
braking efficiency.
brake shoe See shoe.
Brale A 120° conical diamond indenter used in the Rockwell hardness testing of relatively hard metals.
branch [Comp] In computing, any one of a number of instruction sequences in a program to which computer control is passed, depending upon the status of one or more variables. The instructions that mechanize this concept are sometimes called branch instructions. However, the terms transfer of control and jump are more widely used. Related to conditional transfer.


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ПовідомленняДодано: 02 травня 2014, 12:27 
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branch circuit That portion of permanently installed wiring that lies between the final overcurrent protective device and the attachment-plug receptacle or outlet, or point of connection to the fixed equipment.
branch instruction An instruction that performs a branch.
branchpoint A point in a routine where a choice is made of one among of two or more possible paths. See conditional transfer.
brass Any of the many alloys that are based on the binary system copper-zinc. Most brasses contain no more than 40 wt% zinc.
braze welding A joining process similar to brazing but in which the filler metal is not distributed in the joint by capillary action.
brazing A method for joining metals that uses heat and a filler metal whose melting temperature is above 850°F but below the melting temperature of the base metals. Filler metal is distributed in the joint by capillary action.
breadboard model A prototype or uncased assembly of an instrument or electronic device whose parts are laid out on a flat surface and connected together to demonstrate or check its operation.
break [Comp] 1. An interruption in computer processing. [Comm] 2. In communications, to interrupt the sending end and take control of the circuit of the receiving end. 3. In digital communications, a signal to another station, usually to interrupt the process of transmission.
break condition In asynchronous transmission, this is a prolonged space condition that often signals a request to terminate computer output. Many asynchronous keyboards are equipped with a break key.
breakdown voltage rating The DC or sinusoidal AC voltage that can be applied across specified insulated portions of a transducer without causing arcing or conduction above a specified current value across the insulating material. Note: The time duration of application, ambient conditions, and AC frequency must be specified.
break point 1. The junction of the extension of two confluent straight-line segments of a plotted curve. Note: In the asymptotic approximation of a log-gain versus log-frequency relation in a Bodé diagram, the value of the abscissa is called the corner frequency. [ISA-RP51.1-1975] 2. A point in a program where an instruction, instruction digit, or other condition enables a programmer to interrupt the run either by external intervention or through a monitor routine.


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