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Створити нову тему Відповісти  [ 51 повідомлень ]  На сторінку 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6  Далі
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 Тема повідомлення: E
ПовідомленняДодано: 30 квітня 2014, 23:46 
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З нами з: 29 листопада 2013, 17:11
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Усі обговорення проводяться в корні розділу "Тлумачні словники". Тут буде відображатися актуальний стан перекладу кожного з термінів даної літери. Повідомлення будуть форматуватися і перекладатися в довільному порядку по мірі необхідності. Бажаючим прийняти участь - пишіть свої варіанти в корні розділу "Тлумачні словники". Планується поступово наповнювати електронну базу даних з можливістю доступу з форуму, у кого є варіанти - пишіть.
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 Тема повідомлення: Re: E
ПовідомленняДодано: 02 травня 2014, 17:14 
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e constant The base of natural logarithms.
EABI Embedded Application Binary Interface;establishes object code standards for embedded applications of software so as to allow developers to easily migrate and reuse code from processor to processor.
EAPROM (Electrically alterable programmable read-only memory) memory that can be selectively altered using an electrical field rather than ultraviolet (as with EPROMs); sometimes the field can be controlled so as to be selective, without erasing all the stored data (as with EPROMs). See EPROM.
earing The formation of a scalloped edge around a deep-drawn sheet metal part as a result of directional properties in the blank material.
earliest actuation (ACTN) point The value that is closest to the normal operating point of the process variable at which a bistable or channel could be expected to actuate. [ANSI/ISA-TR67.04.08-1996]
early trip contacts An independent set of contacts in timing equipment. They will switch at a set point that occurs before the end of a timing or count cycle.
earphone An electrically driven acoustic transducer that is intended to operate in the audio frequency range and to be held against the ear when used.
earth That electrical potential that is common to Earth. The British term for the U.S. term ground.
ebullition The act of boiling or bubbling.
EC (European Community); group of European countries banded together for common agricultural and economic policies: Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, United Kingdom; not to be confused with the EU.
ECC (Error checking and correction) error correcting code. Form of “self- correcting” memory.
eccentric Describing any rotating mechanism whose center of rotation does not coincide with the geometric center of the rotating member.
eccentric orifice An orifice whose center does not coincide with the centerline of the pipe or tube. Usually, the eccentricity is toward the bottom of a pipe that is carrying flowing gas and toward the top of a pipe carrying liquid. This tends to promote the passage of entrained water or air rather than allowing entrained water or gas to build up in front of the orifice.


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echo 1. A reflected wave that is returned with sufficient amplitude and phase-shift delay to be detected as a wave that is distinct from the wave originally transmitted. 2. To reflect received data to the sender. For example, keys depressed on keyboard are usually echoed as characters displayed on screen. As a security check, the transmitted message is repeated back to sender.
echo check A check of the accuracy of a transmission in which the information that was transmitted to an output device is returned to the information source and compared with the original information to ensure the accuracy of the output.
echoplex A method for verifying transmitted data by echoing the characters transmitted back to the source device for the sake of comparison. See echo check.
echo ranging A form of active sonar. The sonar equipment generates pulses of sound and then determines distance to underwater objects by precisely measuring the time it takes for a pulse a narrow, focused sound beam to reach an object, be reflected, and return to a known location, usually one adjacent to the transmitter. The direction to the object can also be found using this method.
echosonogram A graphic display, such as an echocardiogram, that is determined by using ultrasonic pulse-echo techniques.
echo sounding Determining the depth of water below a vessel or platform by using sonic or ultrasonic pulse-echo techniques.
economic lot size The number of items that must be manufactured in each setup or purchased on each order so as to minimize the costs of manufacturing, purchasing, setup, inspection, and warehousing over a certain time, usually a year or longer.
economizers Heat exchangers that are used to recover excess thermal energy from process streams. Economizers are used for preheating feed and as column reboilers. In some systems, the reboiler for one column is the condenser for another.
EDC (Error detection and correction) form of “self -correcting” memory.
eddy A whirlpool of fluid.
eddy current 1. A circulating current that is induced in a conductive material by a changing electromagnetic field. 2. An electric current that is set up in the near-surface region of a metal part by the induction that results from the electromagnetic field of an external coil carrying an alternating current. Eddy electromagnetic fields for use in such applications as induction heating, the electromagnetic sorting and testing of materials, vibration damping in spacecraft, and various types of instrumentation.


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eddy current tachometer A device for measuring rotational speed that has been used extensively in automotive speedometers. It consists of a permanent magnet revolving in close proximity to an aluminum disk, which is pivoted to turn against a spring. As a magnet revolves, it induces eddy currents in the disk, setting up torque that acts against the spring. The amount of disk deflection is indicated by a moving pointer that is directly coupled to the disk.
EDG (Electronic dot generation) method for producing halftones electronically on scanners.
edge filter An interference filter that abruptly shifts from transmitting to reflecting over a narrow range of wavelengths.
EDI (Electronic data interchange) computerto-computer exchange of structured transactional information between autonomous computers.
edit 1. To rearrange data or information. Editing may involve deleting unwanted data selecting pertinent data applying format techniques inserting symbols such as page numbers and typewriter characters applying standard processes, such as zero suppression and testing data for reasonableness and proper range. Editing is sometimes further distinguished between input editing (rearranging source data) and output editing (preparing table formats). [ISA-RP55.1-1975(R1983)] 2. To organize data for subsequent processing on a computer.
editor 1. A routine that performs editing operations. 2. A system program for amending source code programs in high-level language or assembly languages.
EDO (Extended data out) high-performance dynamic random access memory (DRAM).
eductor 1. A device that withdraws a fluid by aspiration and mixes it with another fluid. 2. Using water, steam, or air to induce the flow of other fluids from a vessel. See injector.
EECS (Electrical Equipment Certification Service). British certification laboratory for testing the equipment of different vendors to some common standard.
EES (Enterprise execution system) software packages to help reconcile top-down business planning with bottom-up production execution requirements for such functions as planning, production, and distribution issues. See MES, DES (distribution execution system).


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EEx The designation for an explosion-protected electrical apparatus that complies with harmonized CENELEC standards. [ANSI/ISA-12.01.01-1999]
effect A change in output that is produced by some outside phenomena, such as elevated temperature, pressure, humidity, or radiation. [ISA-RP67.04.02-2000]
effective address 1. A Modified address. 2. The address that is actually considered as being used in a particular execution of a computer instruction.
effective bandwidth An operating characteristic of a specific transmission system. It is equal to the bandwidth of an ideal system whose uniform pass-band transmission equals the maximum transmission of the real system. In addition, its transmitted power is the same as the real system for equal input signals that have a uniform distribution of energy at all frequencies.
effective cutoff frequency A transducer characteristic that is expressed as the frequency at which the insertion loss between two terminating impedances exceeds the loss at some reference frequency in the transmission band by a specified value.
effective resistance Alternating current resistance. It is measured as the power in watts dissipated as heat divided by the current in amperes squared. Effective resistance includes resistance to direct current and resistance caused by eddy currents, hysteresis, and skin effect.
effective value The root-mean-square value of a cyclically varying quantity. It is determined by finding the average of the squares of the values throughout one cycle and taking the square root of the average.
efficiency 1. The ratio of output to the energy input. The efficiency of a boiler is the ratio of heat absorbed by water and steam to the heat equivalent of the fuel fired. [ISA-77.41-1992] 2. In manufacturing, the average output of a process or production line expressed as a percentage of its expected output under ideal conditions. 3. The ratio of useful energy that is supplied by a dynamic system to the energy supplied to it over a given period of time. 4. The ratio of the work done by a heat engine to the heat energy absorbed by it, also known as “thermal efficiency.”
effluent Liquid waste that is discharged from an industrial processing facility or waste treatment plant.


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effluvium Waste by-products of food or chemical processing.
E format In FORTRAN, an exponential type of data conversion that is denoted by Ew.d, where w is the number of characters to be converted as a floating-point number with d spaces reserved for the digits to the right of the decimal point. For example, E11.4 yields 000.5432E03 as input, 543.2 internally, and 0.5432E+03 as output.
EFT (Electrical fast transient) burst surge interference to electrical and digital signals.
EFTA (European Free Trade Association) Austria, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland.
EGA (Enhanced Graphics Adapter (or Array)) video standard (for IBM PC in 1984); allows sixteen out of possible sixty-four colors to be used; can emulate all modes of earlier CGA, adding 320 x 200, 640 x 200, and 640 x 350 pixels with sixteen colors; see CGA, PGA, SVGA, UXGA, VGA, XGA.
E-glass In the construction of glass-bulb-type pH sensors, this term is used for the membranes of electrodes for processes in which measurements are to be made in acid media. E-glass is suitable for use at higher process temperatures. See G-, L-, and S-glass.
EIA 1393A A user-level format and protocol (promulgated by the Electronics Industry Association) for the bidirectional transfer of digitally encoded information in a manufacturing environment.
EIA 485 A format and protocol of the Electronics Industry Association that specifies the electrical characteristics of generators and receivers to be used in balanced digital multipoint systems.
EIA interface A serial word transfer in ASCII characters with RS-232C logic levels, as, for example, between the computer and a manual operator.
EIA-SP 1907B An international building wiring standard issued by the Electronics Industry Association that formalizes cabling practices, distances, installation practices, and media types.
EIS (Extended instruction set) enterprise information system. Integrated computer database for all aspects of corporate business including process and materials management functions across many plant locations.
ejection 1. The physical removal of an object from a specific site—such as a cast or molded product from a die cavity by hand, compressed air, or mechanical means. 2. The emergency expulsion of a passenger compartment from an aircraft or spacecraft. 3. The withdrawal of fluid from a chamber by the action of a jet pump or eductor.


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ejector A device that utilizes the kinetic energy in a jet of water or other fluid to remove a fluid or fluent material from tanks or hoppers ejector condenser A direct-contact condenser in which vacuum is maintained by a jet of high-velocity injection water. The condenser simultaneously condenses the steam and discharges water, condensate, and noncondensable gases into the atmosphere or into the next stage ejector.
elastance The reciprocal of capacitance.
elastic chamber The portion of a pressure-measuring system that is filled with the medium whose pressure is being measured and that expands and collapses elastically with changes in pressure. Examples include Bourdon tube, bellows, flat or corrugated diaphragm, spring-loaded piston, or a combination of two or more single elements, which may be the same or different types.
elastic collision A collision between two or more bodies in which their internal energy remains constant and the kinetic energy of translation for the combination of bodies is conserved.
elastic scattering A collision between two particles, or between a particle and a photon, in which total kinetic energy and momentum are conserved.
elastomer A material that can be stretched to approximately twice its original length with relatively low stress at room temperature. When the stretching force is released, the material returns forcibly to about its original size and shape.
elastomeric energized liner A resilient elastomeric ring under the main liner in a butterfly valve body is compressed by the disk acting through the main liner. This generates a resilient sealing action between the disk and the main liner. [ANSI/ISA-75.05.01-2000]
elastoresistance The change in the resistance of a material when it is stressed within its elastic limit. A concept used in the design of some sensors.
elbow 1. A fitting that connects two pipes at an angle. The angle is usually 90°, but it may be any other angle less than 100°. 2. Any sharp bend in a pipe.
elbow meter A pipe elbow that is used as a flow measurement device. A pressure tap is placed at both the inner and outer radius, and the pressure differential caused by differences in flow velocity between the two flow paths is measured.


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electrical apparatus category 'ia' An electrical apparatus that is incapable of causing ignition in normal operation and when a single fault and any combination of two faults is applied. The safety factors are as follows: 1.5—in normal operation and with one fault; 1.0—with two faults.
electrical apparatus category 'ib' An electrical apparatus that is incapable of causing ignition in normal operation and when a single fault applied, with the following safety factors: 1.5—in normal operation and with one fault; 1.0—with one fault, if the apparatus contains no unprotected switch contacts in parts that are likely to be exposed to a potentially explosive atmosphere and the fault is self-revealing.
electrical apparatus An item that is applied as a whole or in part to utilize electrical energy. It includes, among others, equipment for generating, transmitting, distributing, storing, measuring, regulating, converting, and consuming electrical energy. It also includes items for telecommunication. [ISA-12.01.01-1999]
electrical circuits low-voltage circuit A circuit that involves a potential of not more than 30 volts. It is supplied by a primary battery or by a standard Class 2 transformer or other suitable transforming device. It can also be supplied by a suitable combination of transformer and fixed impedance that hash output characteristics that comply with Class 2 transformer requirements. A circuit that is derived from a supply source classified as a high-voltage circuit (by connecting resistance in series with the supply circuit to limit the voltage and current) is not considered a low-voltage circuit.
electrical conductivity A material characteristic that indicates the relative ease with which electrons flow through the material. The usual units of conductivity are %IACS, which relates the conductivity to that of annealed pure copper. Electrical conductivity is the reciprocal of electrical resistivity.
electrical discharge machining A machining method in which stock is removed by melting and vaporization under the action of rapid, repetitive spark discharges through a dielectric fluid flowing in the intervening space between a shaped electrode and the workpiece. It is often referred to by its abbreviation, EDM. Process variations include electrical discharge grinding and electrical discharge drilling. Also known as “electroerosive machining,” “electron discharge machining,” and “electrospark machining.”


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electrical/electronic/programmable electronic systems (E/E/PES) When used in this context, electrical refers to logic functions that are performed by electromechanical techniques (e.g., electromechanical relay, motor-driven timers, etc.). Electronic refers to logic functions that are performed by electronic techniques (e.g., solid-state logic, solid-state relay, etc.). Programmable Electronic System refers to logic that is performed by programmable or configurable devices (e.g., a programmable logic controller [PLC]), singleloop digital controller [SLDC], etc.). Field devices are not included in E/E/PES. [ANSI/ISA-84.01-1996]
electrical engineering A branch of engineering that deals with the practical applications of electricity, especially the generation, transmission, and utilization of electric power by means of current flow in conductors.
electrical insulation There are four types of electrical insulation: 1. Basic--Insulation that is applied to live parts to provide basic protection against electric shock. 2. Supplementary--Independent insulation that is applied in addition to basic insulation to provide protection against electric shock if basic insulation fails. 3. Protective (double)--Insulation that comprises both basic insulation and supplementary insulation. 4. Reinforced--A single insulation system that is applied to live parts to protect them against electric shock (it is equivalent to double insulation).
electrically alterable read-only memory (EAROM) A type of computer memory that is normally unchangeable. Its contents can be changed only under special conditions.
electrically erasable and programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) Nonvolatile memory that may be electrically erased and reprogrammed.
electrically operated extensions Usually a highly sensitive induction-type device for signaling high or low flows or deviations from any set flow. The device consists of a sensing coil that is positioned around the extension tube of the rotameter. Moving the metering float into the field of the coil causes a low-level signal change that is usually amplified to a level suitable for performing annunciator or control functions.
electrical pumping The deposition of energy into a laser medium by passing either an electrical current or discharge or a beam of electrons through the material.


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electrical resistivity A characteristic of material that indicates that material’s relative resistance to the flow of electrons. The usual units of resistivity are ohm-m (SI) or ohms per circular-mil foot (U.S. customary). It is the reciprocal of electrical conductivity.
electrical spacing There are three kinds of electrical spacing. 1. Basic: Physical separation between conductive parts to provide basic protection against electrical shock. 2. Supplementary: Physical separation that is used in addition to basic insulation to protect against electric shock if the basic insulation fails. 3. Protective: Increased physical separation between conductive parts to protect against electric shock (equivalent to double insulation).
electrical steel Low-carbon steel that contains 0.5 percent to 5 percent Si or other material. Electrical steel is produced specifically to have enhanced electromagnetic properties, which are suitable for making the cores of transformers, alternators, motors, and other iron-core electric machines. Contrast with electric steel.
electrical terminals There are four types of electrical terminals. 1. Field-wiring terminal: Any terminal to which a supply circuit wire is intended to be connected by an installer in the field. 2. Measuring or testing terminal: An external terminal or connector of the equipment to which a connection is made to serve the equipment's function. 3. Measuring or testing grounded terminal: An external terminal of a grounded measuring or testing circuit that is internally connected to the equipment's protective grounding system and is intended to be connected to the grounded side of the external circuit to which it is attached. 4. Protective grounding terminal: A terminal that is connected to the equipment’s protective grounding system and is intended to be externally connected to earth ground.
electrical tests There are two types of electrical tests. 1. Routine test: A test that is performed on each piece of equipment during the production process. 2. Type test: A test that is performed on one or more pieces of equipment, which are representative of a type, in order to determine whether the design, construction, and manufacturing methods comply with the requirements according to standard electric boiler A boiler in which electric heating means serve as the source of heat.


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Створити нову тему Відповісти  [ 51 повідомлень ]  На сторінку 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6  Далі

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