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Створити нову тему Відповісти  [ 29 повідомлень ]  На сторінку 1, 2, 3  Далі
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 Тема повідомлення: H
ПовідомленняДодано: 30 квітня 2014, 23:48 
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З нами з: 29 листопада 2013, 17:11
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Усі обговорення проводяться в корні розділу "Тлумачні словники". Тут буде відображатися актуальний стан перекладу кожного з термінів даної літери. Повідомлення будуть форматуватися і перекладатися в довільному порядку по мірі необхідності. Бажаючим прийняти участь - пишіть свої варіанти в корні розділу "Тлумачні словники". Планується поступово наповнювати електронну базу даних з можливістю доступу з форуму, у кого є варіанти - пишіть.
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 Тема повідомлення: Re: H
ПовідомленняДодано: 02 травня 2014, 21:32 
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З нами з: 29 листопада 2013, 17:11
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H1 A fieldbus network that operates at 31.25 kbit/second. Generally, it is a lower-speed and lower-cost network than H2.
H1 field device A fieldbus device that is connected directly to an H1 fieldbus. Typical H1 field devices are valves and transmitters.
H1 repeater An H1 repeater is an active, buspowered, or non-bus-powered device that is used to extend the range over which signals can be correctly transmitted and received for a given medium. A maximum of four repeaters and/or active couplers can be used between any two devices on an H1 fieldbus network.
H2 A proposed ISA SP50 (fieldbus) standard for communications at the controller level of hosts. It has been superseded by the HSE (High Speed Ethernet) protocol.
hacking In computers, writing programs or using computer communicating for fun. Through misuse in the news media it has come to mean only the indiscriminate and unauthorized accessing of other computers over public networks. See cracking.
hair-line cracks Fine, random cracks in a coating such as paint or in any rigid surface.
hairline register In the composition of screen displays and printing, alignment within ±1/2 row of dots.
half-adder A logic circuit that accepts two binary input signals and produces corresponding sum and carry outputs. Two half-adders and an OR gate can be combined to realize a full-adder. See also full adder.
half-adjust To round a number so that the least significant digit or digits determine whether or not a one (1) is to be added to the digit that is next higher in significance. After the adjustment is made, if required, the digit or digits used as the criterion will be dropped. For example, in 432.784, using the terminal 4 as the criterion yields 432.78 as the half-adjusted value. The number 432.785 half-adjusts to 432.79 since the terminal digit is “one half, or more.”
half-and-half solder A lead–tin alloy (50Pb–50Sn) that is used primarily to join copper tubing and fittings.
half bridge In strain gauges, such as in force or pressure sensors, the state in which only two of four legs of a Wheatstone bridge configuration are active in the development of a signal.


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half cycle In alternating circuits, the time it takes to complete one-half of a full cycle at the operating frequency.
half duplex Communications in both directions (transmit and receive), but in only one direction at a given instant in time. See duplex, half and full duplex.
half-duplex transmission “One-way-at-atime” communication. Both devices can transmit and receive data but only one at a
time.
half-height drive A 5-1/4-inch disk drive that is 1-5/8 inches wide when installed.
half-life The time span necessary for half the atoms of a nuclide to disintegrate.
half-thickness The thickness of an absorbing medium that will depreciate the intensity of a radiation beam by one half.
halftone In electronic publishing and screen displays, the reproduction of continuoustone images through a screening process. The image is converted into dots of various sizes and equal spacing between centers (as with conventional printing). Also called “amplitude modulated (AM) screening.” See amplitude modulation.
half-wave plate A polarization retarder that causes the light of one linear polarization to be retarded by a half wavelength 180° relative to the phase of the orthogonal polarization.
half-wave rectifier 1. An electronic circuit that converts an AC input signal into a DC output signal. Current flows in the output circuit during only one half of each cycle of the input signal. 2. A rectifier that feeds current during the half cycle when the alternating current voltage is in the polarity at which the rectifier has low resistance. During the other half cycle the rectifier passes no current.
halide A compound that contains fluorine, bromine, chlorine, or iodine. [ISA-71.04-1985] Hall effect An electromotive force (emf) that is developed as a result of interaction when a steady-state current flows in a steady-state magnetic field. The direction of the emf is at right angles to both the direction of the current and the magnetic field vector. The magnitude of the emf is proportional to the product of current intensity, magnetic force, and the sine of the angle between the current direction and the magnetic field vector.
halogen Any one of the four chemical elements chlorine, fluorine, bromine, or iodine. [ISA-71.04-1985


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 Тема повідомлення: Re: H
ПовідомленняДодано: 02 травня 2014, 21:32 
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HALT (Highly Accelerated Life Test) Typically, the rapid ramp-soak cycling of electronic equipment between the extremes of its temperature rating over two to three days. The purpose of the test is to quickly identify failures that would otherwise take years to surface.
hammer 1. A hand tool that is used for striking a workpiece in order to shape it or drive it into another object. 2. A machine element that consists of an arm and a striking head, such as for ringing a bell. Or a machine element that consists of a guided striking head, often carrying one half of a die set, for shaping metals by forging.
Hamming code An error-correcting code, with or without parity, that allows a data device to detect and correct single-bit errors in coded digital data.
Hamming distance A characteristic of any given data code that indicates the ability to detect single-bit errors. It equals the number of bits in any given character that must be changed in order to produce another legitimate character.
H and D curve The measurement of photographic emulsion shown as a curve in which density is expressed as a function of the logarithm of exposure.
hand-held equipment Portable equipment that is intended to be supported by one hand during normal use. [ANSI/ISA-82.02.01-1999(IEC 61010-1 Mod)]
handhole An opening in a pressure part that provides access, but usually not exceeding 6 inches in the longest dimension.
handhole cover A handhole closure hand jack A manual hydraulic or mechanical override device that uses a lever to stroke a valve or to limit its travel. [ANSI/ISA-75.05.01-2000]
hand lance A manually manipulated length of pipe that carries air, steam, or water for the purpose of blowing ash and slag accumulations from heat-absorbing surfaces.
hand set Timers that are set manually after each operation. The operator turns the set pointer to the required time interval, and during timing the timer motor drives the pointer back to zero.
handshake The recognition between two computers that they are able to communicate.
handshaking The exchange of predetermined signals between two devices in order to establish a connection. Handshaking is usually part of a communications protocol.


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handwheel A mechanical manual override device that uses a rotary wheel to stroke a valve or to limit its travel. [ANSI/ISA-75.05.01-2000]
handwheel, in-yoke mounted In-yoke gear types are designed with a worm gear drive that is contained in a lubricated housing. The gearbox is integral with the yoke, which is usually elongated in order to provide space for the worm gear assembly. With this type of handwheel, stops may be set in either or both directions to limit the travel of the valve stem. This type of handwheel is declutchable. [ANSI/ISA-75.05.01-2000]
handwheel, shaft-mounted, declutchable A shaft-mounted worm gear drive that can be declutched from the power actuator. [ANSI/ISA-75.05.01-2000]
handwheel, side-mounted Bellcrank lever types are externally mounted on the control valve yoke. They can provide a limit to the extent that a valve stem will travel in either direction, but not in both directions. [ANSI/ISA-75.05.01-2000]
handwheel, top-mounted The handwheel is mounted on top of the valve actuator case. This type of handwheel does not have a clutch. It is usually used to restrict the motion of the valve stem in one direction only. [ANSI/ISA-75.05.01-2000]
hard card A type of computer hard disk on which data is placed on a card rather than a spinning disk.
hard-clad silica fibers Silica optical fibers that are coated with hard plastic material, not with the soft materials typically used in plastic-clad silica.
hard copy Output in permanent (paper) form, usually through a printer or chart recorder, as compared with the impermanent form of output of a disk or a display terminal.
hard disk A computer storage medium that has a large storage capacity as compared to floppy disks. Disks that provide gigabytes of storage space are common.
hard-disk management Since hard-disk life is limited, there are four basic things that will enhance disk life and use: (1) using subdirectories rather than having all work files in one directory; (2) deleting files that are no longer needed; and (3) periodically running a “scan disk” utility to check for lost clusters; (4) running a defragmentation program every three months.
hard-drawn wire Heavily cold-drawn metal wire that has relatively high tensile strength and low ductility.


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 Тема повідомлення: Re: H
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hardening Producing increased hardness in a metal by quenching it from high temperature, such as when hardening steel. Another method of hardening, for certain aluminum or other nonferrous alloys, is done by precipitation-hardening (aging) a dilute alloy.
hard error A repeatable error that exhibits a stuck-at-one or stuck-at-zero condition within a digital device.
hard facing 1. A material that is applied to valve internals to resist fluid erosion and/or to reduce the chance of galling between moving parts, particularly at high temperatures. [ANSI/ISA-75.05.01-2000] 2. A material that is harder than the surface to which it is applied. It is used to resist fluid erosion and/or to reduce the chance of galling between moving parts, particularly at high temperature. [ANSI/ISA-75.05.01-2000]
hard lead Any of a series of lead–antimony alloys of low ductility. Typically, hard lead contains 1 percent to 12 percent Sb.
hardness A measure of the amount of calcium and magnesium salts in a boiler water. Usually expressed as grains per gallon or ppm as CaCO3.
hard plating A thin metal deposit, sometimes electroplated, that is used to provide a surface coating or induce surface hardening. Hard plating is many orders of magnitude thinner than hard facing. [ANSI/ISA-75.05.01-2000]
hardware 1. Physical equipment that is directly involved in performing industrial process measuring and controlling functions. [ANSI/ISA-51.1-1979 (R1993)] 2. Physical equipment (associated with a computer), as opposed to programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation. [ISA-TR50.02,Part 9-2000] 3. Physical equipment directly involved in performing measuring, monitoring, and controlling functions. [ISA-5.1-2009]
hardware priority interrupt See priority interrupt and software priority interrupt.
hard water Water that contains calcium or magnesium in amounts that require an excessive amount of soap to form a lather.
hard-wired Electrical connections accomplished without the use of software or firmware. [ANSI/ISA-84.01-1996]
harmonic Having a frequency that is a multiple of the basic cyclical quantity to which it is related.
harmonic analyzer 1. An instrument for measuring the magnitude and phase of the harmonic segments of a cyclical function from a graph. 2. An electronic instrument that measures the amplitude and frequency of an AC signal, including those of its harmonics.


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harmonic content The distortion in a transducer's sinusoidal output, which takes the form of harmonics other than the fundamental component. Note: It is usually expressed as a percentage of rms output. [ISA-37.1-1975(R1982)]
harmonic conversion transducer A transducer in which the output frequency is a multiple of the input frequency.
harmonic distortion 1. Distortion that is characterized by the appearance in the output of harmonics other than the fundamental component when the input wave is sinusoidal. [ISA-RP55.1-1975 (R1983)] 2. Distortion that is caused by the presence of harmonics of a desired signal. 3. The generation of unwanted harmonics by a device as expressed by the amplitude of the harmonics as a percentage or ratio (in dB) of the primary signal.
harmonic generation 1. The multiplication of the frequency of a lightwave through nonlinear interactions of the lightwave with certain materials. Generating the second harmonic is equivalent to dividing the wavelength in half. 2. An electronic means for multiplying frequency. It is usually accomplished with the assistance of nonlinear devices.
harmonics Vibration frequencies that are integral multiples of the fundamental.
HART (Highway Addressable Remote Transducer)An open, “smart” field instrumentation protocol developed by Rosemount that has been adapted by several other companies, creating a de facto standard fieldbus. Not considered a true fieldbus, it imposes a Bell 202 FSK, 1200 bps digital signal on a twisted pair of wires carrying 4-20 mA input.
Hartley information unit In information theory, a unit for the logarithmic measurement of the decision content of a set of 10 mutually exclusive events, expressed as the logarithm to the base 10. For example, the decision content of an eight-character set equals log 8, or 0.903 Hartley.
hashing The generation of a meaningless number from a group of records, which can be used as a location address.
Hastelloy B An International Nickel Co. alloy that has a nominal composition of nickel (Ni), 66.7 percent; iron (Fe), 5 percent; molybdenum (Mo), 28 percent; and vanadium (V) 0.3 percent.
Hastelloy C An International Nickel Co. alloy that has a nominal composition of nickel (Ni), 59 percent; iron (Fe), 5 percent; molybdenum (Mo), 16 percent; tungsten (W), 4 percent; and chromium (Cr), 16 percent.


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Hay bridge A general-purpose AC bridge circuit in which two opposing sides of the bridge are fixed resistances. The unknown leg is a combination of resistance and inductance, and the remaining side consists of a variable resistor and a variable capacitor.
hazard A chemical or physical condition that has the potential for causing injury to people or the environment. [ANSI/ISA-84.01-1996]
hazardous area An area in which explosive gas/air mixtures are, or may be expected to be, present in quantities such that special precautions are required for the construction and use of electrical apparatus.
hazardous area classifications There are three hazardous area classifications: Division 1 (hazardous), Division 2 (normally nonhazardous), and nonhazardous. 1. Division 1 (hazardous): A location in which concentrations of flammable gases or vapors exist (a) continuously or periodically during normal operations; (b) frequently during repair or maintenance or because of leakage; or (c) because of equipment breakdown or faulty operation, which could cause the simultaneous failure of electrical equipment. (See the National Electrical Code-2002, Paragraph 500-4(a), for a detailed definition.) 2. Division 2 (normally nonhazardous): Locations in which the atmosphere is normally nonhazardous and may become hazardous only of the ventilating system fails, pipe lines are opened, or other unusual situations arise. (See National Electrical Code, Paragraph 500-4(b), for a detailed definition.) 3. Nonhazardous. Areas not classified as Division 1 or Division 2 are considered nonhazardous. Note: It is safe to have open flames or other continuous sources of ignition in nonhazardous areas. [ISA-RP12.4-1996]
hazardous atmosphere 1. A combustible mixture of gases and/or vapors. 2. An explosive mixture of dust in air.
hazardous (classified) location A location in which fire or explosion hazards may exist because of an explosive atmosphere of flammable gases or vapors, flammable liquids, combustible dust, or easily ignitable fibers or flyings. Note: See also explosive atmosphere. [ANSI/ISA-12.01.01-1999; ISA-RP12.4-1996; ANSI/ISA-RP12.6-1995]
hazardous dust layer Any accumulation of combustible dust that will propagate or cause a fire .
hazardous live Something that is capable of rendering an electric shock or electric burn in normal condition or in single-fault condition. [ANSI/ISA-82.02.01-1999 (IEC 61010-1Mod)]


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hazardous area classifications - Divisions Divisions 1 - Continuous hazard (>1000 hrs/yr): Zone 0 for gases, Zone Z (10) for dusts; and intermittent hazard (10-1000 hrs/yr): Zone 1 for gasses, Zone Z (10) for dusts. Division 2 - Hazard under abnormal conditions (0.1-10 hrs/yr): Zone 2 for gases, Zone Y (11) for dusts. Class I - Areas in which flammable gases or vapors may be present in air in sufficient quantities to be explosive. Group A - Atmospheres containing acetylene. Group B - Atmospheres such as butadiene, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, acrolein, or hydrogen (or gases and vapors equivalent in hazard). Group C - Atmospheres such as cyclopropane, ethyl ether, ethylene, or gases and vapors equivalent in hazard. Group D - Atmospheres such as acetone, alcohol, ammonia, benzene, benzol, butane, gasoline, hexane, lacquer-solvent vapors, naptha, natural gas, propane, or gases and vapors equivalent in hazardous. Class II - Areas made hazardous by the presence of combustible dust. Group E1 - Atmospheres containing combustible metal dusts, regardless of resistivity. Group E2 - Atmospheres containing combustible dust of similarly hazardous characteristics having resistivity of less than 100KΩ -cm. Group E3 - Atmospheres containing combustible, electrically conductive dusts. Group F1 - Atmospheres containing combustible, carbon black, charcoal, or coke dusts having more than 8 percent total volatile material. Group F2 - Atmospheres containing combustible dusts having an explsion hazard with resistivity <100Ω - cm and ≥1 X 108Ω -cm. Group G1 - Atmospheres containing combustible dust having resistivity ≤100kΩ -cm. Group G 2 - Atmospheres containing combustible electrically nonconductive dusts.


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hazardous location An area where flammable gases, vapors, dusts, fibers, or filings create the possibility of explosion and fire.
hazardous material Any substance that requires special handling so as to avoid endangering human life, health, or wellbeing. Such substances include poisons, corrosives, and flammable, explosive, or radioactive chemicals.
hazardous waste Under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (U.S.), any solid, liquid, gas, or combination of wastes that because of its chemical, physical, or infectious characteristics may pose a hazard when managed improperly.
hazemeter See transmissometer.
HCFC (Hydrochlorofluorocarbon). A consideration in EPA (U.S.) regulations. Any of several substances that are used as alternatives to chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) but that are also thought to deplete the Earth’s protective ozone layer.


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