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Створити нову тему Відповісти  [ 39 повідомлень ]  На сторінку 1, 2, 3, 4  Далі
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З нами з: 29 листопада 2013, 17:11
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Усі обговорення проводяться в корні розділу "Тлумачні словники". Тут буде відображатися актуальний стан перекладу кожного з термінів даної літери. Повідомлення будуть форматуватися і перекладатися в довільному порядку по мірі необхідності. Бажаючим прийняти участь - пишіть свої варіанти в корні розділу "Тлумачні словники". Планується поступово наповнювати електронну базу даних з можливістю доступу з форуму, у кого є варіанти - пишіть.
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 Тема повідомлення: Re: L
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label In data processing, a set of symbols that is used to identify or describe an item, record, message, or file. Occasionally, it may be the same as the address in storage.
labeled Equipment or materials to which have been attached the label, symbol, or other identifying mark of an approved organization. The approval to label the equipment or materials is given by a government authority that has jurisdiction and is concerned with product evaluation. It periodically inspects the production of labeled equipment or materials, and this organization’s label indicates that the manufacturer complies with the appropriate, specified standards or performance levels. Note: Some agencies use the terms approved, listed, or certified equipment to indicate compliance with the applicable standard. [ANSI/ISA-RP12.6-
1995; ANSI/ISA-12.01.01-2000]
labeled common Named data areas that are accessible to all computer programs that declare them.
labeled molecule A molecule of a specific chemical substance in which one or more of its component atoms is an abnormal nuclide. That is, a nuclide that is radioactive when the molecules are normally composed of stable isotopes, or vice versa.
lactometer A hydrometer that is designed to measure the specific gravity of milk.
ladder diagram A diagram used to program a programmable controller. Power flows through a network of relay contacts that are arranged in horizontal rows called “rungs” between two vertical rails on the side of the diagram that contains the symbolic power. The basic program elements are contacts and coils as in electromechanical logic systems.
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ladder logic Traditional language of programmable controllers that originated with electricians and the electrical maintenance of electromechanical relay panels. It is a form of symbolic representation that schematically illustrates the functions of a control circuit. The power lines form the sides of a ladderlike structure, with the program elements arranged to form rungs. One of five languages accepted under the IEC 61131 standard for PLCs. See function block diagram, instruction list, structured text, and SFC. See also state logic.
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lag 1. A relative measure of the time delay between two events, states, or mechanisms. 2. In control theory, a transfer function term in the form, 1/(Ts + 1). A process for which a lag is the dominant dynamic characteristic approaches equilibrium exponentially.
lagging 1. In an AC circuit, a condition in which peak current occurs at a later time in each cycle than does peak voltage. 2. A thermal insulation, usually made of rock wood and magnesia plaster, that is used to prevent heat transfer through the walls of process equipment, pressure vessels, or piping systems.
lag time An interval of time between the initiation of a discrete sample (particle, molecule, atom) at the sample tap to its termination at a specific volumetric flow rate through the sample line.
lambert A unit of luminance. It equals the uniform luminance of a perfectly diffusing surface that is emitting or reflecting light at one lumen per square centimeter.
Lambert's cosine law The radiance of certain surfaces, known as Lambertian reflectors, Lambertian radiators, or Lambertian sources, is independent of the angle from which the surface is viewed.
laminar boundary layer A layer of a moving turbulent stream adjacent to the wall of a pipe or other conduit in which the motion approximates streamline flow.


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 Тема повідомлення: Re: L
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laminar flow 1. A type of streamline flow that is most often observed in viscous fluids near solid boundaries. It is characterized by the tendency for fluid to remain in thin, parallel layers to maintain uniform velocity. 2. A nonturbulent flow regime in which the stream filaments glide along the pipe axially, with essentially no transverse mixing. Also known as viscous flow or streamline flow. 3. Flow under conditions in which forces resulting from viscosity are more significant than forces resulting from inertia, generally below Reynolds number of 2000.
lamp Any device for producing light, usually one that converts electric energy into light.
lamp cabinet A cabinet that contains visual displays only. [ANSI/ISA-18.1-1979 (R1992)]
lamp follower See auxiliary output.
lamp test See test.
lance door A door through which a hand lance may be inserted in order to clean heating surfaces.
land ban Under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (U.S.), a land ban prohibits disposal on land of certain hazardous wastes unless they meet applicable treatment standards.
language In data processing, a set of representations, conventions, and rules that are used to convey information. See algorithmic language, artificial language, machine language, natural language, object language, problem-oriented language (POL), procedure-oriented language, programming language, source language, and target language.
language extendability The ability to change a programming language through source statements written in that language.
language translator A general term for any assembler, compiler, or other routine that accepts statements in one language and produces equivalent statements in another language.
lantern ring A rigid spacer that is assembled in the packing box, normally with packing above and below it. It is designed to allow the packing to be lubricated or a leak-off connection to be accessed. [ANSI/ISA-75.05.01-2000]
LAP (Line Access Procedure) A CCITT-specified data link protocol.
lap joint A connection between two parts that is made by overlapping members at the junction and then welding, riveting, or bolting them together.


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Laplace transform For a function f(x), its Laplace transform is the function F(y), which is defined as the integral over x from 0 to ∞ of the function e-yxf(x).
Laplace transform, nilateral Of a function f(t), the quantity that is obtained by performing the operation (see figure) per second. [ANSI/ISA-51.1-1979 (R1993)
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lapped-in Mating contact surfaces that have been refined by grinding and/or polishing them together or separately in appropriate fixtures. [ANSI/ISA-75.05.01-2000]
lapping 1. A process of mating contact surfaces by grinding and/or polishing. [ANSI/ISA-75.05.01-2000] 2. Smoothing or polishing a surface by rubbing it with a tool made of cloth, leather, plastic, wood, or metal in the presence of a fine abrasive.
laptop A small, portable computer that usually has a flip-up screen.
lap weld A lap joint that is made by welding.
large core fiber An optical fiber that has a comparatively large core, usually of a step index type. There is no standard definition of “large,” but for the purposes of this definition, diameters of 400 micrometers or more are designated as “large.”
large-scale integration (LSI) 1. The process of fabricating integrated circuits with over 1,000 transistors per chip. 2. A computer chip that contains a large number of digital circuits in a small area.
Laser (Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation)A laser is a source of electromagnetic (EM) radiation generally in the infrared (IR), visible, or ultraviolet (UV) bands. It is characterized by small divergence, coherence, and monochromaticity.
laser diode array A device in which the output of several diode lasers is brought together in one beam. The lasers may be integrated on the same substrate, or consist of discrete devices that are coupled optically and electronically.
laser disk An optical medium that is capable of holding thirty minutes of moving video footage or up to 54,000 individual frames of still video per side. Individual segments of these frames can be accessed by computer.
laser Doppler flowmeter An apparatus for determining flow velocity and velocity profile by measuring the Doppler shift in the laser radiation scattered from particles in the moving fluid stream. Contaminants such as smoke may have to be introduced into a gas stream to provide scattering centers. This technique can be used to measure velocities of 0.01 to 5,000 in./s (0.25 mm/s to 125 m/s).


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laser glass An optical glass that is doped with a small concentration of a laser material. When the impurity atoms are excited by light, they are stimulated to emit laser light.
laser interferometer A type of optical interferometer that uses a laser as the source of monochromatic light. Accuracies of better than 20 microinch (1.25 μm) are achieved when measuring lengths up to 200 in. (5.08 m).
laser ionization mass spectrometer (LIMS) An instrument that analyzes sample surfaces in a region 1 to 2 microns across. The surface is locally heated with a laser pulse to desorb or ionize atoms and then the liberated atoms or ions are mass analyzed.
laser line filter A filter that transmits light in a narrow range of wavelengths, centered on the wavelength of a laser. Light at other wavelengths is reflected. Such filters are used to remove light from nonlaser sources, which could interfere with the operation of a laser system.
laser printer A print-quality printer that uses a laser beam to electrostatically transfer an image to paper.
laser simulator A light source that simulates the output of a laser. In practice, the light source is a 1.06 micrometer LED that simulates the output of a neodymium laser at much lower power levels.
last in, first out (LIFO) In an ordered pushdown stack, a discipline wherein the last transaction to enter a stack is also the first to leave it. Contrast with first in, first out (FIFO).
latching digital output A contact closure output that holds its condition (set or reset) until the execution of a computer program changes it. See momentary digital output.
latching relay A device or program element that retains a changed state when power is removed.
latch switch A control for preventing a fuel valve from opening if the burner is not secured in the firing position.
latency In data processing, the time between the completion of the interpretation of an address and the start of the actual transfer from the addressed location. Latency includes the delay that is associated with accessing storage devices such as drums and delay lines.


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latent heat The amount of heat absorbed or evolved by 1 mole, or a unit mass, of a substance during a change of state (e.g., fusion, sublimation, or vaporization) at constant temperature and pressure. Latent heat does not cause a temperature change.
lateral displacement loss The loss of power that results from a lateral displacement of the optimum alignment between two optical fibers or between a fiber and an active device.
latest actuation (ACTN) point The value furthest from the normal operating point of the process variable at which a bistable or channel could be expected to actuate. [ANSI/ISATR67.04.08-1996]
latitude Of a photographic emulsion, the ratio of the exposure limits between which the film density curve (known as the “Hurter and Driffield curve,” or H & D curve) is essentially linear.
lattice network An electronic network that is composed of four branches connected end to end to form a mesh. Two nonadjacent junctions are the input terminals, and the two remaining nonadjacent junctions are the output terminals.
lattice parameter In crystallography, the length of any side of the unit cell in a given space lattice. If the sides are unequal, all unequal lengths must be specified.
Lauritsen electroscope An electroscope in which the sensitive element is a metallized quartz fiber.
layer An element of a digital communication stack. One level of a hierarchy of functions or segments of a protocol that performs specialized roles (physical, data link, application, user). In the OSI (Open System Interconnection) reference model, a layer is one of seven basic layers, consisting of a collection of related network processing functions. See Open System Interconnection (OSI).
L-band In telemetry, the radio spectrum that is available for manned vehicles: 1,435–1,540 MHz.
LCCA (Life cycle cost analysis) An orderly selection/elimination method that includes all of the cost factors (fixed and variable) of a project, product, or endeavor.
LCH (Luminance, chroma, hue) A model for color-correction software for use in digital scanning, output devices, and displays.
LCP (Liquid crystal polymer) A material that is frequently used to make electronic connectors.


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LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) A standard Internet access protocol that has been embraced by many software vendors.
LDAR (Leak detection and repair) Refers to programs maintained by the EPA (U.S) to ensure valve-stem leakage is extremely low.
LDR (Land Disposal Restrictions) EPA-promulgated rules that implement the land ban. See land ban.
L/D (reflux-to-distillate ratio) A quantity that is used to analyze column operations. See reflux ratio.
Lead [Cont] 1. In control theory, a transfer function term in the form, (Ts + 1). [Eng] 2.The distance a screw mechanism will advance along its axis in a single rotation.
lead angle 1. In welding, the angle between the axis of the electrode and the axis of the weld. 2. The angle between the tangent to a helix and a plane perpendicular to the axis of the helix.
lead equivalent The radiation-absorption rating of a specific material. It is expressed in terms of the thickness of lead that reduces the radiation dose by an equal amount under given conditions.
leader 1. A blank section of tape at the beginning of a reel of magnetic tape or at the beginning of a paper tape. 2. A system program that enables other programs to be loaded into the computer.
leaders In the typographical composition of screen displays and printing, leaders are rows of dashes or dots to guide the reader’s eye across the screen or page. Leaders are typically used in tabular work, programs, tables of contents, and the like.
leading 1. In an AC circuit, a condition in which peak current occurs earlier in each cycle than does peak voltage. 2. In printing, the insertion of additional horizontal space between lines.
leading edge The first transition of a pulse, going in either a positive (high) or a negative (low) direction.


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lead-lag network A compensating network that combines the characteristics of the lag and lead networks. In it, the phase of a sinusoidal response lags a sinusoidal input at low frequencies and leads it at high frequencies. Also known as a “lag-lead network.”
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lead time In industrial engineering, the amount of time that is required to design and develop a piece of equipment before it is ready for use.
lead wire Any wire that connects two points in an electrical circuit. In particular, a wire that connects an electric device to a source of power or that connects an indicating or controlling instrument to a sensor.
leak An opening, however minute, that allows the undesirable passage of a fluid from its containing boundaries. [ISA-67.03-1982]
leakage class Classifications established by ANSI/FCI 70-2 to categorize the seat leakage allowances for different needs of seat tightness. [ANSI/ISA-75.05.01-2000]
leakage classification Categories for the seat leakage of control valve trim as defined in ANSI B16.104.
leakage rate 1. The maximum rate at which a fluid is permitted or determined to leak through a seal. Note: To determine this rate, the type of fluid, the differential pressure across the seal, the direction of leakage, and the location of the seal must be specified. [ISA-37.1-1975 (R1982)] 2. In detecting coolant pressure boundary leaks in light water reactors, leakage is expressed in volumetric units per unit of time at 20°C and one atmosphere pressure. [ISA-67.03-1982] 3. The amount of leakage across a boundary per unit of time. See also bubble tight.
leakage [Proc] 1. The quantity of fluid that passes through a valve when the valve is in the full closed position under stated closure forces, with the pressure differential and temperature as specified. Leakage is usually expressed as a percentage of the valve capacity at full rated travel. [ANSI/ISA-75.05.01-2000] 2. Undesirable loss or entry across the boundary of a system. The term is usually applied to the slow passage of a fluid through a crack or fissure, but may also be used to describe the passage of small quantities of particles, radiation, electricity, or magnetic lines of force beyond desired boundaries. [Comp] 3. An error introduced into the fast-Fourier transform (FFT) process when finite-length time blocks are used that do not match at the ends. Its effects include smearing of the frequency lines at lower amplitudes. This error is minimized by using window functions.


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leakage, packing The quantity of process fluid that escapes through the valve packing.[ANSI/ISA-75.05.01-2000]
leakage, seat The quantity of fluid that passes through a valve when the valve is in the fully closed position, with pressure differential and temperature as specified.[ANSI/ISA-75.05-.01-2000]
leak detector An instrument, such as a helium mass spectrometer, that is used to detect small cracks or fissures in a vessel wall.
leak-off gland A packing box in which packing is used above and below the lantern ring to provide a collection point for fluid leaking past the primary seal (lower packing).[ANSI/ISA-75.05.01-2000]
leak pressure See pressure, leak.
leased line A telephone line reserved for the exclusive use of a single customer that does not go through the central office. Also called a “private line,” it is used to connect two or more locations (such as company plants) on a private WAN (wide area network).
least significant bit (LSB) The smallest bit in a string of bits, usually at the extreme right.
least significant digit (LSD) The right-most digit of a number.
least-squares line The straight line for which the sum of the squares of the residuals (deviations) is minimized. [ISA-37.1-1975 (R1982)]
LEC (Local exchange carrier) The carrier responsible for extending telephone service to the final user.
Ledoux bell meter A type of manometer whose reading is directly proportional to the flow rate sensed by a head-producing measuring device such as a pitot tube.
left justified A field of numbers (decimal, binary, etc.) in a memory cell, location, or register, that has no zeroes to its left.
leg 1. One of the members of a branched object or system. 2. The distance between the root of a fillet weld and the toe. See fillet weld. 3. Any structural member that supports an object above the horizontal.
legacy systems Software and/or hardware systems that have existed for some time and yet are still viable. They are often proprietary in nature and cannot practically be removed from an operation, perhaps because of the magnitude of use or their popularity. Legacy systems usually need some interface in order to operate with more current systems.


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Створити нову тему Відповісти  [ 39 повідомлень ]  На сторінку 1, 2, 3, 4  Далі

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