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Створити нову тему Відповісти  [ 6 повідомлень ] 
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 Тема повідомлення: Q
ПовідомленняДодано: 30 квітня 2014, 23:54 
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З нами з: 29 листопада 2013, 17:11
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Усі обговорення проводяться в корні розділу "Тлумачні словники". Тут буде відображатися актуальний стан перекладу кожного з термінів даної літери. Повідомлення будуть форматуватися і перекладатися в довільному порядку по мірі необхідності. Бажаючим прийняти участь - пишіть свої варіанти в корні розділу "Тлумачні словники". Планується поступово наповнювати електронну базу даних з можливістю доступу з форуму, у кого є варіанти - пишіть.
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 Тема повідомлення: Re: Q
ПовідомленняДодано: 03 травня 2014, 13:44 
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З нами з: 29 листопада 2013, 17:11
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QAD (Quarter amplitude damping). A method espoused by Ziegler and Nichols for tuning PID loop response to a step change.
QC teams (Quality Control teams)A management technique of Statistical Quality Control (SQC) in which employees implement SQC.
QED Quod erat demonstrandum. A Latin expression meaning “that is what has been demonstrated.”
Q factor 1. The ratio of the energy stored in a resonant circuit to the energy dissipated per radian. 2. A rating factor for electronic components such as coils, capacitors, and resonant circuits that equals reactance divided by resistance. 3. In a periodically repeating mechanical, electrical, or electromagnetic process, the ratio of energy stored to energy dissipated per cycle.
QFD (Quality function deployment) A discipline for synchronizing and optimizing fabrication and assembly techniques.
Q meter A direct-reading instrument that measures the “Q” (quality factor) of an electric circuit at radio frequencies by determining the ratio of inductance to resistance. Also known as “quality-factor meter.”
Q-switch An optical device that changes the “Q” (quality factor) of a laser cavity. This is typically done by raising it from a value below the laser’s threshold to one well above that threshold. This technique produces a short, intense pulse, known as a “Q-switched pulse.” Q-switches can be based on acousto-optic or electro-optic devices, rotating mirrors, frustrated internal reflection, or saturation of absorption in a dye.
quadrant detectors Detectors that are divided up into four angularly symmetric sectors or quadrants. The amounts of radiation that are incident on each quadrant can be compared to one another for such applications as ensuring that a beam is centered on the detector.
quadrant-edged orifice An orifice that has a rounded contour at the inlet edge in order to yield a more constant and predictable discharge coefficient at low-flow velocity (Reynolds number less than 10,000).
quadratic programming In operations research, a particular case of nonlinear programming in which the function to be maximized or minimized as well as the constraints are quadratic functions of the controllable variables. Contrast with convex programming, dynamic programming, linear programming, and mathematical programming.


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 Тема повідомлення: Re: Q
ПовідомленняДодано: 03 травня 2014, 13:45 
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quadrupole mass spectrometer A type of mass spectrometer that employs a filter consisting of four conductive rods. The rods are electrically connected in such a way that, by varying the absolute potential applied to the rods, all ions except those possessing a specific mass-to-charge ratio are prevented from entering the detector.
quad-slope converter An integrating analog-to-digital converter (ADC) that goes through two cycles of dual slope conversion, once with zero input and once with the analog input being measured.
qualification protocol In process validation, a prospective experimental plan that, when executed, is intended to produce documented evidence that a system or subsystem has been properly qualified.
qualified 1. Competent, suited, or meeting the requirements for a specific position or task. 2. To declare competent or capable.
qualified person An individual who is familiar with the construction and operation of the equipment and the hazards in question. [ISA-12.01.01-1999; ANSI/ISA-RP12.6-1995]
qualitative methods Methods of design and evaluation that are developed through experience and/or the application of good engineering judgment. [ANSI/ISA-84.01-1996]
quality From the ISO 9000 standard, the total features and characteristics of a product or service that bear upon its ability to satisfy stated or implied needs.
quality assurance A set of systematic actions that are intended to provide confidence that a product or service will continually fulfill a defined need.
quality control (QC) A set of systematic actions that make it possible to measure significant characteristics of a product or service and to control those characteristics within established limits.
quality loop From the ISO 9000 standard, a conceptual model of the interacting activities that influence the quality of a product or service in various stages. These range from the identification of needs to the assessment of whether these needs have been satisfied.
quality plan From the ISO 9000 standard, a document that sets out the specific quality practices, resources, and sequence of activities that are relevant to a particular product, service contract, or project.
quality policy From the ISO 9000 standard, the overall quality intentions and direction of an organization with respect to quality as formally expressed by top management.


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 Тема повідомлення: Re: Q
ПовідомленняДодано: 03 травня 2014, 13:45 
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З нами з: 29 листопада 2013, 17:11
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quality surveillance From the ISO 9000 standard, the continued monitoring and verification of the status of procedures, methods, conditions, processes, products, and services. Quality surveillance also includes the analysis of records in relation to stated references so as to ensure that specified requirements for quality are being met.
quality system From the ISO 9000 standard, the organizational structure, responsibilities, procedures, processes, and resources for implementing quality management.
quality system review From the ISO 9000 standard, the formal evaluation by top management of the status and adequacy of a quality system in relation to the organization’s quality policy and any new objectives resulting from changing circumstances.
quantitative methods Methods of design and evaluation that are based on numerical data and mathematical analysis. [ANSI/ISA-
84.01-1996]
quantity meter A flowmeter in which the flow is separated into known isolated quantities. These quantities are separately counted in order to determine the total volume passed through the meter.
quantization The subdivision of the range of values of a variable into a finite number of nonoverlapping, and not necessarily equal, subranges or intervals. These subranges or intervals are each represented by an assigned value within the subrange. For example, a person's age is quantized for most purposes with the quantum of one year.
quantization distortion The inherent distortion that is introduced when a range of values for a wave attribute is divided into a series of smaller subranges.
quantization level A particular subrange for a quantized wave, or its corresponding symbol.
quantize To convert information from an analog pulse (as from a multiplexer) into a digital representation of that pulse. See
encoder.
quantized pulse modulation A pulse modulation in which either the carrier wave or the modulating wave is quantized. See quantize.
quantizing interval The smallest change in the input signal to a quantizing device that causes a change in the quantized representation of the input signal. [ISA-RP55.1-1975 (R1983)]
quantum efficiency In a photodiode, the ratio of primary carriers (electron hole pairs) created to incident photons. A quantum efficiency of 70 percent means seven out of ten incident photons create a carrier.


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 Тема повідомлення: Re: Q
ПовідомленняДодано: 03 травня 2014, 13:45 
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quantum noise Noise caused by the discrete nature of light, that is, its quantization into photons.
quarter amplitude A process-control tuning criterion in which the amplitude of the deviation (error) of the controlled variable, following a disturbance, is cyclic. The result is that the amplitude of each peak is one quarter of the previous peak. Also known as “quarter-decay ratio.” This is the criterion for Ziegler-Nichols tuning. See Ziegler-Nichols method.
quarter-wave plate A polarization retarder that causes the light of one linear polarization to be retarded by one quarter wavelength (90°) relative to the orthogonal polarization.
quartz A natural transparent form of silica that may be marketed in its natural crystalline state or crushed and remelted to form fused quartz.
quasi instruction Same as pseudo instruction.
query A request for data that is initiated while a computer program is running.
query language A means of getting information from a database without having to write a program.
queue 1. A waiting line that is caused by temporary delays in providing service. 2. In data processing, a waiting list of programs to be run next. 3. Any list of items. For example, items waiting to be scheduled or processed according to system- or user-assigned priorities are said to be “in queue.”
queue control block (QCB) A control block that is used to regulate the sequential use of a programmer-defined facility among tasks requesting such use.
queued access method Any access method that automatically synchronizes the transfer of data between the program using the access method and the input/output devices. By synchronizing, this method eliminates delays for input/output operations.
queuing An ordered progression of items into and through a system or process, especially when there is waiting time at the point of entry.
queuing discipline The rules or priorities for forming queues within a system of “customers” and “servers” as well as the rules for arrival time and service time.
queuing theory A form of probability theory that is useful when studying delays or lineups at servicing points.


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 Тема повідомлення: Re: Q
ПовідомленняДодано: 03 травня 2014, 13:45 
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З нами з: 29 листопада 2013, 17:11
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Quevenne scale A specific-gravity scale that is used to determine the density of milk. A difference of 1° Quevenne is equivalent to a difference of 0.001 in specific gravity, and therefore 20° Quevenne expresses a specific gravity of 1.020.
quick-look Essentially, an “instant replay” of data, generally at the same rate at which it was recorded.
quick-opening characteristic An inherent flow characteristic in which a maximum flow coefficient is achieved with minimal travel of the closure member travel. [ANSI/ISA-75.05.01-2000]
quick-opening valve A control valve with a trim characteristic that is designed to produce large flow capacity with a small amount of valve opening.
quick return A device that makes the return stroke of a reciprocating machine element faster than the power stroke.
QWERTY The first alphabetic characters (the second row of keys) of a standard typewriter keyboard. Identifies a more or less universally accepted de facto computer keyboard layout for the alphabetic portion of the key positions. Contrasted with keyboard layouts in which the keys are positioned alphabetical order or, more commonly, in an arrangement that facilitates the fastest typing speed.


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